A comprehensive analysis published in the British Journal of Ophthalmology reveals nuanced global trends in blindness and vision impairment, showing both accomplishments and ongoing challenges in public eye health.¹

The study, led by international vision researchers using data spanning three decades (1990–2021), presents the latest evidence on the prevalence and disability burden associated with blindness and visual impairment worldwide. It also offers a predictive outlook on trends through 2030.

The study found:

• Overall Stability in Blindness Rates — From 1990 to 2021, the prevalence of global blindness and moderate-to-severe vision impairment did not rise significantly, despite population growth and aging, indicating that prevention efforts may be slowing the spread of severe vision loss.

• Declining Disability Rates — The “years lived with disability” (YLD) rate—a measure that accounts for both prevalence and the years individuals live with vision loss—declined significantly over the same period, suggesting improvements in early detection, corrective care (like eyeglasses), and surgical interventions.

• Refractive Disorders—Conditions such as myopia and hyperopia remained the largest contributors to global eye impairment, but both their prevalence and associated disability rates have declined in many regions overall.

• Near Vision Loss on the Rise—A notable and concerning trend was the increase in near vision loss, particularly related to age-associated changes in accommodation and other factors — an issue expected to grow as populations age.

Despite global progress, the study highlights East Asia as a key region where refractive disorders continue to rise. This increase stands in contrast with declines seen in many other parts of the world and signals an urgent need for region-specific strategies to manage growing eye health demands.

Experts point to intensive near-work activities, urbanization, and high rates of myopia among youth in many East Asian countries as possible contributors to this regional trend.

Using advanced statistical models, the research team projected modest increases in the overall prevalence of blindness and years lived with disability through 2030, even as refractive and other vision-impairing disorders are expected to remain stable or decline in many regions. This suggests that gains to date could be offset by demographic shifts and environmental influences if concerted efforts are not sustained.

The study’s authors and independent advocates say the findings underscore the importance of continued investment in eye care services, preventive screenings, and affordable corrective interventions, especially in areas facing growing burdens. They also highlight the value of international collaborations to share best practices and address disparities in access to vision health resources.

Reference

1. Zhang Y, Tang W, Wang Y, Liu L, Zhang W. Global burdens and causes of blindness and vision loss in children and adolescents from 1990 to 2021 and forecast for the next decade. Br J Ophthalmol. Published online October 20, 2025. doi:10.1136/bjo-2025-327735.